染色牢度的概念
染色牢度是對染色、印花織物的品質要求。因為染過色的織物在穿著和保管中會因光、汗、摩擦、洗滌、熨燙等原因發生裉色或變色現象,從而影響織物或服裝的外觀美感。染色狀態變異的性質或程度可用染色牢度來表示。織物的染色牢度與纖維種類、紗線結構、織物組織、印染方法、染料種類及外界作用力大小有關。
可分為日曬牢度、水洗或皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度、汗漬牢度、熨燙牢度和昇華牢度等。
1. 日曬牢度
日曬牢度是指有顏色的織物受日光作用變色的程度。其測試方法既可採用日光照曬也可採用日光機照曬,將照曬後的試樣褪色程度與標準色樣進行對比,分為8級,8級最好,1級最差。日曬牢度差的織物切忌陽光下長時間曝曬,宜於放在通風處陰乾。
2. 洗滌牢度
水洗或皂洗牢度是指染色織物經過洗滌液洗滌後色澤變化的程度。通常採用灰色分級樣卡作為評定標準,即依靠原樣和試樣褪色後的色差來進行評判。洗滌牢度分為5個等級,5級最好,1級最差。洗滌牢度差的織物宜乾洗,如若進行濕洗,則需加倍注意洗滌條件,如洗滌溫度不能過高、時間不能過長等。
3. 摩擦牢度
摩擦牢度是指染色織物經過摩擦後的掉色程度,可分為幹態摩擦和濕態摩擦。摩擦牢度以白布沾色程度作為評價原則,共分5級(1~5),數值越大,表示摩擦牢度越好。摩擦牢度差的織物使用壽命受到限制。
4. 汗漬牢度
汗漬牢度是指染色織物沾浸汗液後的掉色程度。汗漬牢度由於人工配製的汗液成份不盡相同,因而一般除單獨測定外,還與其他色牢度結合起來考核。汗漬牢度分為1~5級,數值越大越好。
5. 熨燙牢度
熨燙牢度是指染色織物在熨燙時出現的變色或褪色程度。這種變色、褪色程度是以熨斗同時對其他織物的沾色來評定的。熨燙牢度分為1~5級,5級最好,1級最差。測試不同織物的熨燙牢度時,應選擇好試驗用熨斗溫度。
6. 昇華牢度
昇華牢度是指染色織物在存放中發生的昇華現象的程度。昇華牢度用灰色分級樣卡評定織物經幹熱壓燙處理後的變色、褪色和白布沾色程度,共分5級,1級最差,5級最好。
正常織物的染色牢度,一般要求達到3~4級才能符合穿著需要。
Color fastness concept
Color fastness is the quality requirement for dyed and printed fabrics. Because dyed fabrics may be tarnished or discolored due to light, sweat, rubbing, washing, ironing, etc. during wearing and storage, thereby affecting the aesthetic appearance of the fabric or garment. The nature or extent of the staining state variation can be expressed by the color fastness. The dyeing fastness of the fabric is related to the fiber type, yarn structure, fabric structure, printing and dyeing method, dye type and external force.
Can be divided into light fastness, washing or soaping fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration fastness, ironing fastness and liter
1. Light fastness
Light fastness refers to the degree to which a colored fabric is discolored by sunlight. The test method can be carried out by using both sunlight and sunlight. The degree of fading of the sample after exposure is compared with the standard color sample, which is divided into 8 grades, 8 grades are the best, and grade 1 is the worst. Fabrics with poor light fastness should not be exposed to sunlight for a long time, and should be placed in a ventilated place to dry.
2. Wash fastness
Washing or soaping fastness refers to the degree of color change of the dyed fabric after washing with washing liquid. Gray graded sample cards are usually used as the evaluation standard, that is, the color difference after fading of the sample and the sample is used for evaluation. Washing fastness is divided into 5 grades, 5 grades are the best, and grade 1 is the worst. The fabric with poor washing fastness should be dry-cleaned. If wet washing is carried out, it is necessary to pay more attention to the washing conditions, such as the washing temperature should not be too high, and the time should not be too long.
3. Rubbing fastness
The rubbing fastness refers to the degree of discoloration of the dyed fabric after rubbing, and can be divided into dry friction and wet friction. The rubbing fastness is based on the degree of white cloth staining. It is divided into 5 grades (1~5). The larger the value, the better the rubbing fastness. The service life of fabrics with poor rubbing fastness is limited.
4. Perspiration fastness
Perspiration fastness refers to the degree of discoloration of the dyed fabric after it has been immersed in sweat. Perspiration fastness Because the artificially prepared sweat composition is not the same, it is generally combined with other color fastness to evaluate it. The perspiration fastness is divided into 1~5 grades. The bigger the value, the better.
5. Ironing fastness
Ironing fastness refers to the degree of discoloration or fading that occurs when dyed fabrics are ironed. This degree of discoloration and fading is assessed by the iron staining of other fabrics at the same time. The ironing fastness is divided into 1~5 grades, 5 grades are the best, and grade 1 is the worst. When testing the ironing fastness of different fabrics, the test iron temperature should be selected.
6. Sublimation fastness
Sublimation fastness refers to the degree of sublimation of dyed fabrics during storage. Sublimation fastness The gray grading sample card is used to evaluate the discoloration, fading and white cloth staining of the fabric after dry hot pressing treatment. It is divided into 5 grades, 1 grade is the worst, and 5 grades are the best.
The dyeing fastness of normal fabrics is generally required to reach 3 to 4 to meet the needs of wearing.